Light and Sight in Paradise Lost - Literature Essay Samples

In Metaphysics, Aristotle creates a series of dualities which are intrinsically male or female. Included in this original set of oppositions are light and darkness and good and evil the former of each duo being inherently associated with the male, and the latter associated with the female. In many of his works, including Paradise Lost, John Milton not only draws from these opposing dualities but creates a relationship between them. In his first Prolusion, Whether Day or Night is the More Excellent, Milton clearly associates light with both God and goodness: I regard Day as Heavens first daughter, or rather as his son, whom he is said to have begotten to be the consolation of humanity and the terror of the deities of hell Day is not only a relation to Heaven, but also terrorizes the deities of hell, such that day (and therefore light) must be good, as opposed to Night (and therefore darkness), which must not only be bad, but also related to Hells occupants. In Paradise Lost, Milto n expands upon this relationship between light and good and darkness and evil to include the human faculty of sight as it relates to the first humans relationship to good and evil, which are embodied in God and Satan, respectively. The human ability to see is a thematic centerpiece in Miltons epic narrative and, intertwined with the presence of light (or lack thereof) as such a presence relates to God, this narrative creates a motif which links books throughout the work as a whole. As the epic poem progresses, the abundance of light and vision which the reader meets in the beginning of Book III becomes obscured when Satan enters the Garden of Eden and prevents Eve from being able to see his true intent; in the final books, Adam and Eves sight is restored when Michael physically lifts the barrier from Adams eyes which has prevented him from fully seeing the implications of Original Sin. The ability or inability of Adam and Eve to see, therefore, is reflective of the general course of action in Paradise Lost as a whole, and through examining the motif of the human faculty of sight, the greater theme of the relationship of light and darkness to goodness and evil emerges as an avenue through which the epic narrator links separate books together within the poem as a whole.The invocation and following text of Book III serve as an introduction to God and his role in the light-darkness duality which is important in the subsequent foreshadowing of Adam and Eves fall. Known as the Book of God, Book III begins with the epic narrators invocation to the muse of Light, which reaffirms Miltons relationship between light and God: Hail holy Light, offspring of Heavn first-born,/ Or of th Eternal Coeternal beam/ May I express thee unblamd? since God is Light,/ And never but in unapproached Light/ Dwelt from Eternity, dwelt then in thee, (PL III, 1-5). After the first two books of Paradise Lost set in Hell, this immediate and unwavering proclamation by the epic narrator that Light is offspring of Heavn first-born, leaves no doubt that since God is Light, and God is good, then light is good.The epic narrator also introduces the faculty of sight in Book III, foreshadowing its relationship to Adam and Eves fall within the personal experience of the epic narrator. Regardless of whether Milton created the epic narrator as a reflection of himself, the narrator is blind and uses his blindness to create a solid relationship between sight and goodness before Adam and Eve are introduced in the poem. The first time the narrator establishes his inability to see, he tells the Muse thou/ Revisitst not these eyes, that roll in vain/ To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn (PL III, 22-24). By having his eyes roll in vain to find thy piercing ray, the narrator expresses his desire to find light but also acknowledges his inability to do so. However, the narrator also recognizes that his physical sight is not necessary to relay the story of Adam and Eve: So much the rather thou Celestial Light/ Shine Inward, and the mind through all her powers/ irradiate, there plant eyes, all mist from thence/ Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell/ Of things invisible to mortal sight (PL III, 52-56). By asking for the Muses celestial light to shine inward, he can be inspired without the physical faculty of sight, and the epic narrator can tell of the plight of Adam and Eve and the consequences of Satans guile, things invisible to mortal sight. By creating such a pointed emphasis on the motifs of sight as associated to light and goodness, the epic narrator creates a relationship central to the poem such that when Adam and Eve are introduced later, the theme seamlessly transitions to apply to the characters.Satans arrival at the Garden of Eden in Book IX not only brings with him the obscurity which impedes Eves ability to see goodness from evil but also reaffirms the centrality of the light-darkness duality in the poem. Although Satan is previously int roduced within Paradise Lost as an evil entity, in the invocation to Book IX the epic narrator draws on his own suffering and blindness to create an invocation for a tragic, not epic, poem. In the process, the narrator reiterates Satans mission and associates him with darkness: By Night he fled, and at Midnight returnd/ from compassing the Earth, cautious of day (PL IX, 58-59). Comfortable with the night, Satans caution toward day and therefore light clearly serves as an early indicator in the book that the epic narrator intends to maintain the relationship between God and Satan to the duality of light and darkness. Satans own existence is framed by a series of extremes, much like the authoritative dualities: the more I see/ Pleasures about me, so much more I feel/ Torment within me, as from the hateful siege/ Of contraries; all good to me becomes/ Bane (PL IX, 119-123). For Satan, then, anything good in his immediate vicinity fuels the rage within him and confirms his own inab ility to see the implications of his ejection from Heaven. In Satans perverted mindset, anything good turns sour, so his resolution to bring any remaining creation of God down with him to Hell is a logical one. Miltons genius, however, is apparent in the fashion in which he guides Satan to do so as he relies on a character who thinks in solely visual terms.Throughout Paradise Lost, Eve is established as a character who thinks in visual terms and relies on sight to understand her surroundings. By obstructing Eves ability to see his true intent, Satan pulls a metaphoric cloak of darkness over her eyes such that her own shortcomings ensure his victory. By incorporating the motifs of light and darkness with good and evil, Milton transfers these themes previously reserved for God and Satan only to Adam and Eve, and incorporates the frail faculty of human sight as a vehicle through which humans can understand why light is good and darkness is bad. Satan understands the importance of human sight and uses the body of a snake to hide himself because his dark suggestions hide/ from sharpest sight (PL IX, 90-91) within the snake, which Satan calls a Fit Vessel, fittest Imp of fraud (PL IX, 89). Satan knows Eves loyalty to God, and knows the only way he will be able to trick her is if he shields his true identity. Satan knows he can use his rhetoric to convince Eve to eat the apple, but before he can do so, realizes that he must appeal to her visual senses to get her attention: Of the bowd/ His turret Crest, and sleek enamelld Neck,/ Fawning, and lickd the ground whereon she trod./ His gentle dumb expression turnd at length/ The Eye of Eve to mark his play (PL IX, 524-528). Eve is a victim of sight from her first introduction in Paradise Lost when she is mesmerized by her own reflection in a pond, and Satans sensuous actions here do not fail him in attracting Eve. When he turns to rhetoric, Milton maintains sight as a theme in Satans attempt to exploit Eves narciss ism: Who sees thee? Who should be seen/ A Goddess among Gods, adord and servd/ By Angels numberless (PL IX, 546-548). By capitalizing on the similarly-female quality of emotion, Satan deceives Eve into believing that she should be adored by Angels who do not see her when in reality, it is Eve who cannot see that Satans rhetoric is empty and unfounded. Nevertheless, into the Heart of Eve his words made way, (PL IX, 550) and Eve falls into Satans trap. Milton, therefore, directly relates Original Sin to the authoritative duality of light and darkness by creating a relationship between the ability to see and light as being good whereas the inability to see and darkness are evil.The end of Paradise Lost not only maintains the credibility of Miltons plot as juxtaposed with the Biblical version, but also retains the theme of sight as it relates to the light-darkness duality to examine the post-lapsarian existence of Adam and Eve. One of the first things Michael does after leading Ad am out of the Garden is to physically remove the film which was obscuring his ability to see clearly: Michael from Adams eyes the Film removd/ Which that false Fruit that promisd clearer sight/ Had bred; then purgd with Euphrasy and Rue/ The visual Nerve, for he had much to see. (PL XI, 412-415). Ironically, however, by doing so Michael simply encourages Adams existence as a visual creature by physically removing the film so Adam could see what was rendering him metaphorically blind. Once able to see, Michael orders Adam to, ope thine eyes, and first behold/ Theffects which thy original crime hath wrought/ In some to spring from thee, who never touchd/ Thexcepted Tree (PL XI, 423-426). In the same visual manner which Satan used to convince Eve to eat the apple, Michael attracts Adams attention by showing him visually what will become of the generations which would follow him. After witnessing the murder of Abel by Cain, Adam cries, But have I now seen Death? Is this the way/ I must return to native dust? O sight/ Of terror, foul and ugly to behold,/ Horrid to think, how horrible to feel! (PL XI, 463-465). In the last book of Paradise Lost, however, Adam fails to see not because of an evil intercession, but due to his own human shortcomings. Consequently, Michael must dictate the remainder of future history to Adam through words, not visual images: thou hast seen one World begin and end;/ And Man as from a second stock proceed./ Much thou hast yet to see, but I perceive/ Thy mortal sight to fail. (PL XII, 6-9).The authoritative dualities of light and darkness materialize in multiple motifs in Paradise Lost, but clearly the most obvious theme in which the opposing sides matter most is the relationship of human sight to the fall of Adam and Eve. All of Paradise Lost is highly visual and filled with descriptions reminiscent of Renaissance paintings; Milton, not coincidentally, in portraying the most fatal mistake of humankind, shows the readers that such an event was essentially born from visually-dependent characters. In addition, Miltons audience is no less visually-dependent than Eve as she is portrayed in the poem. One could argue, then, that ultimately, we are all just as vulnerable as the first humans were in the Garden of Eden always threatened by darkness.

Chinese Cinderella - 1413 Words

FROM CHINESE CINDERELLA Adeline Yen Mah’s ‘Chinese Cinderella’ is the story of pain, rejection and triumph. Mental pain, contempt and cruelty were the harsh realities of her life. But the will to succeed and win recognition proved to be powerful motivating factors. The subtext is based in the years 1940-1950 and on memoirs of Adeline’s childhood. This extract is based on one of the few occasions when she went home. The title has a dreamy fairy tale like tone. It is used in an ironic manner and appropriately chosen. This extract has an autobiographical tone as Adeline relates her personal experiences. The words ‘rejected’, ’despised’, ‘left there’ describe her relationship with her family and reveal the unhappiness of her childhood...like†¦show more content†¦The great distance between father and daughter and the total absence of love and trust is clearly revealed. Adeline considers him an enemy, a hypocrite, a deceiver. The inner conflict is revealed through the entire monologue and in the use of rhetoric ‘Sit down! sit down!’. The use of repetition to make Adeline feel more comfortable. ‘Don’t look so scared’ – irony. Short sentences are used to build a climax. The extract from the newspaper adds authenticity and contrast to the earlier emotive language. ‘Is it possible? Am I dreaming? Me, the winner? Series of rhetorics which show her disbelief in her own abilities and her low self esteem. The cause of the ‘radiant’ look was the international literary prize that she had won. ‘I had given him face’, prestige, with a ‘revered colleague’. ‘For once he was proud of me’ emphasizes that never before had he acknowledged her as his daughter or been proud of her. And even now, it was only because of the prestige she had given him with his colleage that he was acknowledging her. But Adeline’s phrases ‘He looked radiant’, ‘Is this the big moment I have been waiting for?’ show how much she longed for parental recognition. Her joy is communicated effectively through the use of highly emotive language and the effective use of the hyperbole ’My whole being vibrated with all the joy in the world. I only had to reach out my hand to reach the stars’. In her euphoria she felt she could overcome the current reality of herShow MoreRelatedReview Of Cinderella A Chinese Cinderella Story And T he Golden Sandal 1119 Words   |  5 Pagesthat Cinderella stories have become an essential folktales not only to young people but as well as to older people. These stories have been recognized worldwide. Even more so, they were retold by different people and have been translated to different languages. What is fascinating about this is that different cultures have different interpretations of Cinderella stories and some do not appear to be the same slightly. 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Comparing Dante And Aquinas On Happiness - 1377 Words

Live a Diversified Life For Dante and Aquinas, happiness does not only compose a useful life on earth but also in Heaven. Dante and Aquinas were sure that continued use of Aristotle virtues would not land any of their followers in heaven. To increase chances of one entering heaven, Dante and Aquinas developed proposed the incorporation of hope, faith, and charity into the daily virtues that people possess. According to Dante and Aquinas, possession of virtues like good temper and judgement could only lead one to live a good life but not perfect for heaven. Dante and Aquinas specifically based there philosophical thinking on four ideas; perfect ordinary happiness on earth, happiness on earth is not important as compared to happiness in Heaven, following of Aristotle virtues was not a problem to them but it could not help in trying moments, and lastly the importance of perfecting the art of love especially to people One of the major themes which Dante inferno raises is the nature of the virtues. Like the spirits of hell, the spirits that are encountered by Dante have all sinned. The spirits out there were punished because of breaking virtues which were performed by God. Virgil gives Canto X1 a candle to represent good virtues and an axe to represent bad vices. The suffering of the spirits in hell represents the measures enacted by God to ensure that there are consequences to the stipulated laws. The reference of hell to represent bad and heaven to represent good,

Lorraine Hansberry Essay Example For Students

Lorraine Hansberry Essay Lorraine Hansberry rejected the limitations of her race and gender and through her written works, became a social activist and expanded the role of a black woman in America. Lorraine Hansberry wrote many works that allowed her to explain her views. She also explored these ideas through playwrights. Lorraine Hansberry was said to be a spearhead of the future. She was a woman who refused to be confined by the categories of race and gender (Tripp 3). Lorraine Hansberry was born in 1930. Both of her parents were activists challenging discrimination laws. Many famous black people frequently visited her home because of her parents authority (Tripp 2). Two of these famous black Americans that often visited Lorraines home were Paul Robeson and Langston Hughes. They were her shining light so to speak. Especially when it came time for her to find her own place in the New York literary world (Cheney 36). Paul Robeson provided great inspiration for Lorraines writings. On the other hand, Langston Hughes gave her a social consciousness of her poetic possibilities of her own race. He also gave her an appreciation of the black American culture. She had also learned from Hughes that in spite of obstacles, black people remained a powerful force in America (Cheney 46-53). Although the Hansberry family was comfortably settled as middle-class economic status, they were still subject to the racial segregation and discrimination characteristic of the period, and they were most active in opposing it (Smith 147). Lorraines writing career was started in the area of magazines. She was writing for Paul Robesons Freedom magazine. At this time, Lorraine would always say, I was born black and female, these were the twin identities that would dominate her life and her work. This was her source of motivation, by retelling this statement to herself and the others around her. Another concern of hers was the human conditions as blacks experienced it. She spent much of her life making an effort to change these conditions (Cheney 140; Tripp 2). Lorraine Hansberrys first play was named, The Crystal Stair. It was named after a line in the Langston Hughes poem, Mother to Son. Lorraine later changed the title of her play to, A Raisin in the Sun. This was as well taken from one of Langston Hughes pieces, A Dream Deferred (Draper 951). Lorraines second play was named The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Window. This play never matched the success of her first play A Raisin in the Sun. This play did use a realistic format that was drawn from her own life (Magill, Great Women 201). Lorraine wrote at least five plays. All of which revealed the depth of her concern for the black race and for all of the downtrodden races in America and abroad (Cheney 52). Lorraine Hansberry used a realistic style and had a stress on the possibilities for heroism. This stress for heroism within each of her characteristics had everything to do with the purpose that she saw in drama (Magill, Great Women 200) The majority of Lorraines works were about the black family of her time. She showed many important characteristics in each piece. Some of which were the importance of African roots, the equality of women, and the vulnerability of marriage (Draper 953). The play The Crystal Stair, later changed to A Raisin in the Sun, was about a man with a plea for racial tolerance over the incentive society in his time (Draper 950). This was merely based on Lorraines childhood experiences of the disintegrating of white neighborhoods. It also portrayed slavery as uncontrollable and completely the work victimizing institutions designed to exploit cheaper labor. This play also focuses on the problem of what a family should do with $10,000 that a mother receives as an insurance payment after the death of her husband. .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .postImageUrl , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:hover , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:visited , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:active { border:0!important; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:active , .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93503b3b7d51110cc416dbd966a33ffa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Inter Comm EssayLorraine got the idea for that part of the play directly out of her own home, in the way that this was the same problem Lorraines mother faced at the time of her husbands death. (Magill, Gre4at Women 200). Because the play explores a universal theme-the search for the freedom and better life- the majority of its first audience loved the work (Draper 951). A Raisin in the Sun won the award as the Best Play of the Year in the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. By winning this award, Lorraine opened the door for generations to come of black writers who were encouraged by her. She was the first black person as well as the first female to win this award (Tripp 2; Smith 151). A moving testament to the strength and endurance of the human spirit, A Raisin in the Sun, is a quiet celebration of the black family, the importance of African roots, the equality of women, the vulnerability of marriage, the true value of money, the survival of the individual, and the nature of a mans dream (Cheney 53). Lorraine Hansberry used the success she gained from A Raisin in the Sun as a platform to speak out for the American Civil Rights Movement and for the African struggle to free itself from white rule. At this time the whites did not have total control, but felt they were superior to the blacks and other races. She helped raise money, gave impassioned speeches, and took part in panels and interviews to further causes (Tripp 3). Lorraine used her success in away that was useful to the society. Instead of taking the money she earned from her playwrights and keeping it for herself and family, she put it towards the Civil Rights Movements. She used her first play to make her a public figure and she used her new found fame to champion the causes of civil rights and African independence (Magill, Great Women 00). Hansberry succeeded in her goal, which was in creating believable rounded black people. An early interview in the New York Times misquoted her as saying that A Raisin in the Sun, said not a Negro play, and that she was a writer who happened to be a Negro. This caused much commotion in the arts and her life until it was cleared as untrue (Smith 155). After Lorraine Hansberry wrote her few plays, she quickly took on the task of becoming an articulate spokesperson for black Americans in the struggles for civil rights. Lorraine was a well vocal critic of racial discrimination. She also spoke highly of sexual and class discrimination. These themes were the basis for most of her plays and her career (Draper 147). As the Civil Rights Movement intensified, she had the need to help out with anything she could. Hansberry helped plan fundraising events to support organizations such as Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She publicly agreed that Negroes should defend themselves against terrorist attacks when necessary (Smith 152). Lorraine never gave up her dedication to her work. She began having bad health problems. Although her health was in rapid decline, she greeted 19634 as a year of glorious work. Despite Hansberrys trips in and out of the hospital, she continued with the many projects on her writing schedule (Smith 153). One reporter noted that, The black experience creates a lot of stress, and . A form of cancer can evolve from emotional stress of racism. This was indeed to be the situation of Lorraine Hansberry (Cheney 31). Lorraine struggled to do speeches, but still attempted to remain involved in civil right activities. Lorraine Hansberry was very much both a black and female activist. In being this way, she felt she could do anything that a person with full respect and rights could do. Feeling this way, Lorraine began to claim her identity as a lesbian in a letter, to a lesbian periodical, The Ladder. At the time of her death, the fact that she was a lesbian was not widely known factor to the public, as well as the fact that she had divorced her husband (Tripp 3). .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe , .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .postImageUrl , .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe , .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe:hover , .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe:visited , .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe:active { border:0!important; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe:active , .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76a00a33f93c96bbd5b6eab9ea4e3efe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Epic Of Gilgamesh (746 words) EssayLorraine Hansberrys career was very brief. She died of cancer at the age of 34 years. Only two of her plays were produced in her lifetime, yet she did record some very impressive theatrical achievements. As mentioned earlier, she was the first black person, the youngest person, and the first woman to win the New York Drama Critics Award which was voted Best Play. Since Hansberry, no writer has captured the spectrum, depths, and heights of the black experiences as she did (Cheney 65). This scholar feels that Lorraine Hansberry has given each and every one of us a chance to do what we fell is best for ourselves. It is a shame that Lorraine Hansberry died at such a young age because this writer feels that she would have added great hope and dignity to the world we live in today. Lorraine Hansberry did not allow the restrictions of her race and gender to hold her back from becoming the woman she wanted to be. Lorraine used these two limitations to unlock the door for others to follow in her footsteps and further the goals she helped to establish.

Japanese Design in 20th Century free essay sample

Evolution of industrial planning, production, miniaturization, technology marketing in Japan global market, focusing on electronics automobiles. Before the Second World War, Japanese industrial design was rooted in the national tradition of craftsmanship, and was heavily influenced by European schools of design. In the years after the war, however, it was American culture that exerted the greatest pull on the Japanese imagination. American styles, ways of living, production methods, and designs of all kinds were rapidly absorbed by an eager Japanese audience. In the half century that followed the war, Japanese culture took in, and transformed, many American influences. In the area of industrial design, this transformation produced a hybrid that is distinctively Japanese. Examples of this progressive japanization of American influence can be found in such products as consumer electronics and automobiles. These were two of the many areas in which Japanese production, planning, and design..

Logitech Introduction Essay Example

Logitech Introduction Essay Example Logitech Introduction Paper Logitech Introduction Paper With an annual turnover of $1 billion, Logistic has been able to establish Itself as the pioneer in products like mice, keyboards, low -cost video cameras etc. Logistic made its name as technological innovator in the highly competitive business of personal computer peripherals. Logistic is different from its competitors by continuing innovations. Furthermore, the company has also adopted the strategy of cost differentiation by configuring Its global value chain to lower production costs. Legally speaking, Logistic is a Swiss company. But to harmonize with the cost and other arms of advantages, It carries different actively In different part of the world. The corporate headquarters are in Fremont, California where companys global marketing, finance and logistics are carried out whereas designs of its products are done in Ireland. Majority of its products are manufactured in Asia. Specifically, China and Taiwan have been the most desirable places main reason being the availability of low labor cost In these countries. 1 . Choice of Taiwan as a major manufacturing site for Logistic and its explanation from Porters diamond The diamond model of Michael Porter for the Competitive Advantage of Nations offers a model that can help understand the competitive position of a nation in global competition. It explains the reason to why some areas or more generally, countries are good In particular Industry and what Is the mall reason behind such business being a success. It also tries to explain the specialization of a geographic area in some definite type of business thus gaining a competitive edge over its competitors. Various factors that may contribute for the competitive advantage maybe land, action, resources, labor etc. These factors are further examined and following factors are derived that can best explain the diamond model of Porter. L. Factor conditions Porter argues that key factors of production or specialized factors are created, not inherited. Specialized factors of production are skilled labor, capital and infrastructure. Because of availability of these factors in Taiwan in abundant, it is selected as a major manufacturing site of Logistic. As Porter has argued that advanced factors give companies competitive edge availability of these factors elementally in Taiwan has caused it be a rewarding destination. T. Related and supporting industry Porter argues that the presence of upstream or downstream industries facilitates the exchange of Information and promotes a continuous exchange of idea and innovation. Taiwan has a well developed supply base for the parts required to nutcracker ten mall advantageous products AT Logistic n. Nine available TTY AT raw materials or the upstream products re quired for manufacturing process of products of Logistic is fully supportive in Taiwan. This validates the argument of Porter and he production of Logistic products in Taiwan. Ii. Demand condition Porter forwards an assumption that, the more demanding the customers in an economy, the greater the pressure the firms face to constantly improve their competitiveness through innovative products, high quality etc. With growing computer and information technology in Taiwan along with in the whole world, the local demand of the products of Logistic in Taiwan has also been an influential factor in the choice of the place. This is also the reason why Logistic started its production in Taiwan. Lb. Firms strategy, Structure and Rivalry Logistic faced a high level of competition those days and at present at well. To gain the advantage over its competitors, Logistic has adopted the strategy of producing high volume and low cost products. This was only possible if they could grasp a production site which has abundant labor, raw materials and other resources and at the same time produce at very high volume. Taiwan probably was the best alternative Logistic could come up with so they shifted their production center to Taiwan. Fig: Porters diamond for Logistic selecting Taiwan as their production center. Theory of comparative advantage and Logistic Global operations According to Orchards theory of comparative advantage, it is advantageous for a country to produce good that it has specialized on. This gives overall advantage by creating trade and reducing the cost of production. The main motive behind Logistic configuring its global operations such that it manufactures in china and Taiwan, undertake basic R in California and Switzerland, design products in Ireland, and coordinate marketing and operations from California is because of the competitive advantage. It is comparatively advantageous to undertake those certain activities in certain places. This is why Logistic does so. Logistic and manufacturing activities in Taiwan and China High volume of production ensuring quality is required by Logistic to face the fierce competition from its competitors. This high volume of production would give economic advantage if the labor wage can be maintained low. China and Taiwan are best known for their high population and thus low labor cost. This drives Logistic to install a manufacturing plant there. For the same volume of work in America, Logistic old probably have to pay twice than what it really pays in china or Taiwan. Lectern Ana research Ana development (R) actively In clamatorial Ana saltcellars Well qualified labor is required for constant innovation of new ideas. This helps the firms gain a competitive edge. California and Switzerland have proximity to modern technologies and high technology enterprises. Furthermore, they have the availability of the highly qualified labor in abundance. This is the reason why Logistic has placed it R activities in California and Switzerland. Logistic and designing products in Ireland Ireland is known for its new and attractive designs. An attractive design can be a factor that creates an advantage. A design that is better than that of competitors obviously creates a differentiation of the product. It is for this reason that Logistic has to focus on design and for this purpose; Ireland seems to be the best alternative. Logistic and coordinating marketing and operations from California There are numerous companies in California which has gained competitive advantage by good marketing and operation management. California is close to many of the Americas gig technology enterprises. Less government intervention and support from government are also striking reasons for Lighters corporate office located in California. Additionally, the presence of skilled employees in these fields in California attracts Logistic to have a corporate headquarter in Fremont, California. Factor condition: Low production cost; qualified people Competition/Rivalry: Japanese firm Demand Condition: Need of increase in capacity Related and Supporting Industries Science based industrial park providing space at modest fee Chance Government

Animals Intentional Literary Effects In Miss Julie

Animals Intentional Literary Effects In Miss Julie In Miss Julie, Julie’s dog, Diana, serves as an embodiment of Julie’s fate. Diana gets into an affair with a pug of lower standing, the â€Å"gatekeeper’s pug†. Through the use of antitheses- purebred bitch and gatekeeper’s pug it foreshadows the future dualism- aristocrat and commoner where Julie transcends her social boundary by having a sexual affair with Jean. This parallelism follows that just as Diana faces severe consequences for her actions â€Å"that Miss Julie won’t allow†Ã‚   [ 2 ]   , Julie’s sexual folly has dire consequences. Julie in demanding Christine prepares â€Å"some filthy muck†Ã‚   [ 3 ]   for an immediate abortion conjures ideas of death, termination and annihilation engendering in readers an ominous, apocalyptic mood which foreshadows Julie’s termination of her own life. Coupled with the sensual engagement with the use of an olfactory imagery in â€Å"the [abortion potion] smellâ€⠄¢s infernal†Ã‚   [ 4 ]   , it has overtones of fiendish punishment creating an image of hell, invoking in audience the wrathful punishment for follies such as these, heightening the foreboding sinister horizon ahead. After Julie’s sexual folly later on in the play, audiences are once again reminded â€Å"She, who all but had poor Diana shot for running after the gatekeeper’s pug!†Ã‚   [ 5 ]   , provoking heightened apprehension of Julie’s punishment as has been prescribed to Diana. Miss Julie then â€Å"enters in travelling clothes with a small birdcage.†Ã‚   [ 6 ]   By engaging audience with a visual image, it explicitly shows Julie is trapped just like the bird in a small birdcage. The bird’s confinement in this tiny cage is symbolic of Miss Julie being trapped by the consequences of her action for which there is no absolving. This parallels Julie’s anguish at recognizing her actions are unforgivable and would not be pa rdoned. Eventually, Jean snatches the bird from Julie, â€Å"takes it to the chopping block and picks up the kitchen axe†Ã‚   [ 7 ]   . This act of snatching the bird from Julie is symbolic of Jean taking control of Julie and Julie losing control over her own being. The killing of the greenfinch foreshadows Julie’s eventual suicide. Like the Finch who dies at the hands of Jean, Julie’s eventual suicide death is dictated by Jean and is emblematic of patriarchal society. Preceding this, arising from her aristocracy, Julie asserts dominance over Jean who belongs to the working-class. Contrastingly, this very act of snatching the bird and Jean â€Å"bringing down the axe† signifies the reversal of roles on grounds of the more dominant sex regardless of economic position.   [ 8 ]   Jean’s act, true to social Darwinism, clearly show that it is the male that defines the female, it is he on whom she will hinge her existence into, her existence is lar gely defined by how he allows [or not] it to be.   [ 9 ]   Like the Greenfinch, Julie succumbs to her own ruin, analogous to female sensibility succumbing to the male, phallic, patriarchal order, reaffirming man’s control over human affairs.   [ 10 ]    Similarly, like the death of the greenfinch which cannot survive outside, and who is saved through Jean’s brutality, Julie’s death is an escape. Julie’s eventual suicide dictated by Jean is the fulfillment of the sado-masochistic ritual where the victim desires her fatal end, the consummation of her masochistic fantasy.   [ 11 ]